All posts by Teri

Chrismukkah

In 2003, the popular television show The O.C. coined the term Chrismukkah to describe the melding of Christmas with Hanukkah.

As a convert to Judaism, I welcomed Chrismukkah with open arms and an open mind. And while I never openly celebrated Christmas post-conversion, the holiday was always a poignant reminder of my childhood and forever in my heart.

The first night of Hanukkah has fallen on December 25 four times since 1900 as follows:

1910, 1921, 1959, and 2005.

In 1959, I was six years old and a practicing Catholic, and in 2005, I was fifty-two and a practicing Jew.

And now, with Christmas and the first night of Hanukkah falling on December 25 for only the fifth time in 124 years, it got me thinking:

Who am I in God’s eyes?

When I converted to Judaism from Catholicism in 1984, I kept this well-guarded secret to myself:

As much as I tried, I was unable to trade in one belief system for another.

My conversion was never the walking away from one religion to another but the belief that I was going to be protected by both at a time in my life when I desperately needed any iteration of God.

I sought refuge from the highest of highs at my lowest of lows. And I leaned on the purity and beauty of both faiths to survive each and every day.

You could say I hedged my bets by melding Judaism with Christianity.

In the middle of my conversion process, I sought religious counsel from both a rabbi and a priest. I needed their spiritual guidance and acceptance, although it didn’t matter what they thought because I had already decided to take advantage of the best of both religions.

As part of the conversion process, I was required to appear before a “beit din” for a hearing. “Beit din” is Hebrew for “house of judgment” and is a Jewish court system presided by rabbis.

On the morning of my hearing, I woke up to a snowstorm. Without a car that day, I had to take three buses, which took almost four hours to reach Brooklyn for my scheduled interview.

To say I was nervous walking into the cavernous room was an understatement. My beit din consisted of three rabbis sitting side by side at an elaborately carved oblong wooden table perched on a dais high above me. I recall thinking that this beit din was intimidation at its finest.

The rabbis began the hearing by asking me the name on my birth certificate, my former religion, my spiritual education, and my family history. As I spoke, they wrote assiduously.

Then, they asked me to recite the Shema Yisrael, a Jewish prayer that serves as the centerpiece for the morning and evening prayer services. Despite my anxiety that I would forget large swaths of it, I was proud and relieved that I could recite the Shema in Hebrew from memory.

The rabbinical hearing lasted over an hour, and I felt relatively confident about how it went. As the rabbis sat silently reading through their notes, I was praying that my Jewish proceeding was finally over, but to my chagrin, they asked me one last question:

Who is Jesus to you?

My first thought was: Oh boy. Here we go.

My second thought was: Don’t screw this up.

I nervously looked up at the trinity of rabbis and pontificated that Jesus was Jewish, a beloved rabbi, and a reformer of Jewish beliefs. I went on to emphatically describe Jesus as a great Jewish prophet.

Additionally, I explained that Jesus was a revolutionary Israelite, so for me, converting to Judaism wasn’t that much of a religious stretch.

I ended my long-winded rationalization by stating that since Jesus was a Jew, I felt secure in my decision.

I was shuddering with apprehension that one of these rabbis would ask me what role Jesus would play in my religious future, but thank the Lord Jesus that they didn’t.

But if they had asked me, I would have had no option but to tell them the truth:

Jesus has been ingrained into my brain, heart, and soul since the beginning of my time, and His teachings will forever remain a part of me.

Perhaps I would not have revealed that I will always feel Jesus’ presence and believe Him to be omnipotent, but maybe I would have.

Because I’m confident that those three wise men would have agreed that very few people could ever or would ever fully and ultimately walk away from their beliefs or eradicate their entire religious and spiritual upbringing.

But I’ll never know if I would have truthfully admitted that no amount of time or Jewish religious instruction could ever erase Jesus or my knowledge of His teachings from my psyche.

If my calculations are correct, Hanukkah will fall on December 25 for the sixth time since 1900 in 2035.

I pray to God that I will be around and in good health to once again celebrate the holiday melding—as a Jew or a Christian.

Lamentations


I had recently returned home from a trip to Israel three weeks before the barbaric assault by Hamas against innocent people in Southern Israel on October 7, 2023, when I had a dream about writing scripture.

In my dream, reams of paper and holy words were spread before me as I assiduously read them aloud. I woke up thinking it was an odd and possibly ungodly supposition to think I would even dream such a thing.

Only when my husband left an article on my desk about Lamentations, the 25th Book of the Old Testament, did I remember the dream from months earlier.

The article was about two October 7 female survivors who each wrote a lamentation about their harrowing experience.

I immediately Googled the word “lamentation.”

Lamentation: a passionate expression of grief, sorrow, mourning, or regret—a weeping.

My Googling got me thinking that maybe I misinterpreted my dream—that perhaps I hadn’t been writing scripture at all but instead was obsessed with some other lament. But what?

The Biblical Book of Lamentations is a collection of sorrowful poems—five chapters or elegies that focus on the extreme pain and misery of the people of Judah following the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the First Temple by the Babylonians in 586 BCE. In Lamentations, the city of Jerusalem is depicted as a grieving widow, and the imagery is incredibly and heartbreakingly powerful.

Now, I don’t propose that I know anything about anything when it comes to the Bible. I’m just trying to make sense of my dream and how it might relate to writing my own lamentation, so please feel free to contact me with any corrections regarding what I have written here today.

Theological studies of Lamentations have long been fascinated by its literary acrostic device, how and why the poems are built around the letters of the Hebrew alphabet, and whether or not the author was the Hebrew prophet Jeremiah. I will leave the tenor of the structure and the presumed author(s) to the experts.

My fascination with Lamentations is in the beauty, the sorrowful ache, and the level of sophistication in every line of verse. And how it hauntingly relates to my current life situation.

While nothing can compare to the Biblical text of Lamentations, over the generations, more lamentations were later written in response to the horrors and suffering Jews experienced over time and place: The destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the massacres of the medieval Crusades, the public burning of the Talmud in the 13th century, the unspeakable Spanish massacres of 1391, the Spanish expulsion of 1492, and on and on and on.

As I grabbed my Bible and read through Lamentations, it was 2:15-16 that gave me October 7 déjà vu and chill bumps. The words took on more significant and profound meaning because since October 7, I have been horrified by the antisemitism on college campuses and elsewhere, and I would dare say seemingly everywhere these days.

The recent hissing, gnashing, and Jew-baiting by the hateful has caused me to rethink how I feel about others I once had sympathy for. Those suffering people I aligned with and protested alongside for years, have me looking at them in another light. I am now suspicious in a way I was never before. I no longer wear my Jewish Star for fear of getting punched in the face or worse. And all this hatefulness has reminded me of the hate against me from those I once loved and, in many ways, still do.

Lamentations
2:15
All who pass your way
Clap their hands at you;
They hiss and wag their head
At Fair Jerusalem:
“Is this the city that was called
Perfect in Beauty,
Joy of All the Earth?”

2:16
All your enemies
Jeer at you;
They hiss and gnash their teeth,
And cry: “We’ve ruined her!
Ah, this is the day we hoped for;
We have lived to see it!”

So here it is:

What was my dream about? Was I supposed to write a lamentation?

After much soul-searching, I have decided that—YES—a lamentation is in my near future, so stay tuned.

Governors up for Reelection

[This article was updated on 3/14/25]

Of the fifty current Governors, 27 are Republicans, and 23 are Democrats.

In politics, it’s never too early to start planning.

Governors are the chief executive officers of their state government and control the day-to-day governmental business. A majority of governors also have the authority to appoint state court judges as well, so your vote for Governor is as important as your vote for President.

All but two of the fifty Governors serve four-year terms — the governors of New Hampshire and Vermont serve two-year terms.

To contact your Governor, click here.

Below are the Governors up for reelection in alphabetical order by political party, reelection year, and state.

Democrats up for reelection in November 2025:

New Jersey: Phil Murphy (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) (Not running due to term limit) Term ends January 20, 2026

Republicans up for re-election in November 2025:

Virginia: Glenn Youngkin (4-year term, 1 consecutive term limit) (Not running due to term limit) Term ends January 17, 2026

Democrats up for reelection in November 2026:

Arizona: Katie Hobbs (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 24, 2027

California: Gavin Newsom (4-year term, 2 term limit) (Not running due to term limit) Term ends January 4, 2027

Colorado: Jared Polis (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 12, 2027

Connecticut: Ned Lamont (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 6, 2027

Hawaii: Josh Green (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends December 7, 2026

Illinois: J.B. Pritzker (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 11, 2027

Kansas: Laura Kelly (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 11, 2027

Maine: Janet Mills (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 6, 2027

Maryland: Wes Moore (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 20, 2027

Massachusetts: Maura Healey (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 7, 2027

Michigan: Gretchen Whitmer (4-year term, 2 term limit) (Not running due to term limit) Term ends January 1, 2027

Minnesota: Tim Walz (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 4, 2027

New Mexico: Michelle Lujan Grisham (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 1, 2027

New York: Kathy Hochul (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 1, 2027

Oregon: Tina Kotek (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit/1 term pause) Term ends January 11, 2027

Pennsylvania: Josh Shapiro (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 19, 2027

Rhode Island: Daniel McKee (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 5, 2027

Wisconsin: Tony Evers (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 4, 2027

Republicans up for reelection in November 2026:

Alabama: Kay Ivey (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 18, 2027

Alaska: Mike Dunleavy (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends December 7, 2026

Arkansas: Sarah Huckabee Sanders (4-year term, 2 term limit) Term ends January 12, 2027

Florida: Ron DeSantis (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) (Not running due to term limit) Term ends January 5, 2027

Georgia: Brian Kemp (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) (Not running due to term limit) Term ends January 11, 2027

Idaho: Brad Little (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 4, 2027

Iowa: Kim Reynolds (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 12, 2027

Nebraska: Jim Pillen (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 7, 2027

Nevada: Joe Lombardo (4-year term, 2 term limit) Term ends January 4, 2027

New Hampshire: Kellye Ayotte (2-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 11, 2027

Ohio: Mike DeWine (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 11, 2027

Oklahoma: Kevin Stitt (4-year term, 2 term limit) Term ends January 11, 2027

South Carolina: Henry McMaster (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 13, 2027

South Dakota: Kristi Noem (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 4, 2027

Tennessee: Bill Lee (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends January 16, 2027

Texas: Greg Abbott (4-year term, no term limit) Term ends January 19, 2027

Vermont: Phil Scott (2-year Term, no term limit) Term ends January 11, 2027

Wyoming: Mark Gordon (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit/1 term pause) Term ends January 4, 2027

Democrats up for reelection in November 2027:

Kentucky: Andy Beshear (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit) Term ends December 7, 2027

Republicans up for reelection in November 2027:

Mississippi: Tate Reeves (4-year term, 2 term limit) (Not running due to term limit) Term ends January 11, 2028

Democrats up for reelection in November 2028:

Delaware: Matt Meyer (4-year term, 2 term limit)

North Carolina: Josh Stein (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit)

Washington: Bob Ferguson (4-year term, no term limit)

Republicans up for reelection in November 2028:

Indiana: Mike Braun (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit/1 term pause)

Louisiana: Jeff Landry (4-year Term, 2 consecutive term limit)

Missouri: Mike Kehoe (4-year term, 2 term limit)

Montana: Greg Gianforte (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit/2 term pause) (Not running due to term limit)

North Dakota: Kelly Armstrong (4-year term, 2 term limit)

Utah: Spencer Cox (4-year term, no term limit)

West Virginia: Patrick Morrisey (4-year term, 2 consecutive term limit)

Secretaries of State – a State-by-State Breakdown

[This article was updated 12/7/24]

Secretaries of state can’t single-handedly change an election’s results, but they can undermine and disrupt the process and the system in undemocratic ways.

Knowing your secretaries of state can help you better understand your state’s election procedures and make you a more informed voter.

And keeping up with your secretary of state’s policy actions, especially election-related ones, can help ensure accountability.

The secretary of state is an official in the state governments of 47 of the 50 states of the United States.

In three states, there is no secretary of state, so the lieutenant governors perform those duties: Alaska (Republican, Nancy Dahlstrom), Hawaii (Democrat, Sylvia Luke), and Utah (Republican, Deidre Henderson).

Of the 50 current Secretaries of State or Lt. Governors, 28 are Republican, and 22 are Democrats.

In 35 states, the secretary of state is elected by the people and serves a four-year term, except for Vermont, which serves a two-year term.

In the other 12 states, the secretary of state is appointed by either the Governor or the state legislature. Maine and New Hampshire General Courts select their secretaries of state for two-year terms.

Below is a state-by-state breakdown of secretaries of state by voter elected or governor/legislator appointed, political party, state, and reelection year where applicable:

DEMOCRATS UP FOR REELECTION IN NOVEMBER 2026

Arizona (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 4, 2027)
Adrian Fontes
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

California (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 4, 2027)
Shirley Weber
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Terms

Colorado (Voter Elected): (Can’t run due to term limits) (Term ends January 12, 2027)
Jena Griswold
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

Connecticut: (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 6, 2027)
Stephanie Thomas
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Illinois (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 11, 2027)
Alexi Giannoulias
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Massachusetts (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 6, 2027)
William Galvin
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Michigan (Voter Elected): (Can’t run due to term limits) (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Jocelyn Benson
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Terms

Minnesota (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 4, 2027)
Steve Simon
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Nevada: (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 4, 2027)
Cisco Aguilar
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Terms

New Mexico: (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Maggie Toulouse Oliver
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

Rhode Island (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 7, 2027)
Gregg Amore
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

Vermont (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Sarah Copeland Hanzas
Two-year term
Term limit: None

Wisconsin (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Douglas La Follette
Four-year term
Term limit: None

REPUBLICANS UP FOR REELECTION IN NOVEMBER 2026

Alabama (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 18, 2027)  
Wes Allen
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

Arkansas (Voter Elected): (Can’t run due to term limits) (Term ends January 12, 2027)
John Thurston
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Terms

Georgia (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 11, 2027)
Brad Raffensperger
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Idaho (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 4, 2027)
Phil McGrane
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Indiana (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Diego Morales
Four-year term
Term limit: Eight out of twelve years

Iowa (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Paul Pate
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Kansas (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 11, 2027)
Scott Schwab
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Nebraska (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 7, 2027)
Bob Evnen
Four-year term
Term limit: None

North Dakota (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Michael Howe
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Ohio (Voter Elected): (Can’t run due to term limits) (Term ends January 1, 2027)
Frank LaRose
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

South Carolina (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 13, 2027)
Mark Hammond
Four-year term
Term limit: None

South Dakota (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 4, 2027)
Monae Johnson
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

Wyoming (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 4, 2027)
Chuck Gray
Four-year term
Term limit: None

NO DEMOCRATS ARE UP FOR REELECTION IN NOVEMBER 2027

REPUBLICANS UP FOR REELECTION IN NOVEMBER 2027

Kentucky (Voter Elected): (Can’t run due to term limits) (Term ends January 3, 2028)
Michael Adams
Four-year term
Term limit: Two Consecutive Terms

Louisiana (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 10, 2028)
Nancy Landry
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Mississippi (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 6, 2028)
Michael D. Watson, Jr
Four-year term
Term limit: None

DEMOCRATS UP FOR REELECTION IN NOVEMBER 2028

North Carolina (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2029)
Elaine Marshall
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Oregon (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2029)
Tobias Read
Four-year term
Term limit: Eight years in a 12-year period

Washington (Voter Elected): (Term ends December 13, 2028)
Steve Hobbs
Four-year term
Term limit: None

REPUBLICANS UP FOR REELECTION IN NOVEMBER 2028

Missouri (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2029)
Denny Hoskins
Four-year term
Term limit: None

Montana (Voter Elected): (Can’t run due to term limits) (Term ends January 1, 2029)
Christi Jacobsen
Four-year term
Term limit: Two terms in a 16-year period

West Virginia (Voter Elected): (Term ends January 1, 2029)
Kris Warner
Four-year term
Term limit: None

DEMOCRAT SECRETARIES OF STATE APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR OR STATE LEGISLATURE

Delaware (Governor Elected)
Jeffrey W. Bullock: Assumed Office on 1/21/09
Length of Term: Serves at the pleasure of the Governor
Term limit: None

Maine (Legislator Elected)
Shenna Bellows: Assumed Office on 1/4/21
Length of Term: Two Years
Term limit: Four Consecutive Terms

Maryland (Governor Elected)
Susan Lee: Assumed Office on 1/18/23
Length of Term: Serves at the pleasure of the Governor
Term limit: None

New Jersey (Governor Elected)
Tahesha Way: Assumed Office on 6/1/18
Length of Term: Serves a term coterminous with the Governor
Term limit: None

New York (Governor Elected)
Walter T. Mosley: Assumed Office on 5/22/24
Length of Term: Until the end of the term of the governor by whom s/he was appointed and until his or her successor is appointed and has qualified
Term limit: None

REPUBLICAN SECRETARIES OF STATE APPOINTED BY THE GOVERNOR OR STATE LEGISLATURE
Florida (Governor Elected)
Cord Byrd: Assumed Office on 5/17/22
Length of Term: Serves at the pleasure of the Governor
Term limit: None

New Hampshire (Legislator Elected)
David Scanlan: Assumed Office on 1/10/22
Length of Term: Two Years
Term limit: None

Oklahoma (Governor Elected)
Josh Cockroft: Assumed Office on 9/15/23
Length of Term: Four Years
Term limit: None

Pennsylvania (Governor Elected)
Al Schmidt: Assumed Office on 6/29/23
Length of Term: Serves at the pleasure of the Governor
Term limit: None

Tennessee (Legislator Elected)
Tre Hargett: Assumed Office on 1/15/09
Length of Term: Four Years
Term limit: None

Texas (Governor Elected)
Jane Nelson: Assumed Office on 1/5/23
Length of Term: Serves concurrent with the appointing Governor
Term limit: None

Virginia (Governor Elected)
Kelly Gee: Assumed Office on 8/30/23
Length of Term: Four years
Term limit: None